反意疑问句: 反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no&rdq
反意疑问句:反意疑问句表示对陈述句所说的事实提出相反的疑问,要求对方用“yes”或“no”来进行回答。
1) 构成:陈述句+附加问句。由两部分组成:前一部分是陈述句,后一部分是疑问句,它是由be ,have,助动词或情态动词+主语构成。如果陈述句是肯定结构,反意疑问句须用否定结构;反之,陈述句如果是否定结构,反意疑问句须用肯定结构。反意疑问句的两部分, 必须保持人称和时态的一致;反意疑问句的回答有时会和汉语不同。
陈述句部分 | 附加问句部分 | 注意点 |
肯定陈述句 | 否定的简短一般问句 | 当陈述句部分含有“是”动词、(“有”动词)、情态动词和助动词时,简短问句中沿用该词;否则就使用do/does//did. |
否定陈述句 | 肯定的简短一般问句 |
如:He is old,isn’t he?(他老了不是吗?)/ The man went away,didn’t he?(那个男人走开了不是吗?)/ He isn’t old,is he?(他不老是吗?)/ He never went there,did he?(他从没有去过那里是吗?)
2) 反意问句的回答:
无论哪种形式的反意问句,回答时要遵循:“Yes,+肯定式”或者“No,+否定式”
如:The man went away, didn’t he?(那人走开了,不是吗?)
——Yes, he did.(是的,他走了。)/No, he didn’t.(不,他没有走。)
The man never went there, did he?(这人从来不去那里,是吗?)
——Yes, he did.(不是呀,他去的。)/No, he didn’t.(是呀,他不去。)
特殊句型:
1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won’t you构成反义疑问句,用will you多表示“请求”,用won’t you多表示提醒对方注意。例如:
let引导的祈使句有两种情况:①let’s---,后的反义疑问句用shall we或shan’t we。如:Let’s go home, shan’t we? 回家吧,好吗?②let us/me--- 后的反义疑问句用will you或won’t you。如:let me have a try, won’t you?
其他祈使句都用will you或won’t you回答。
2.反意疑问句的陈述部分含有由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要视为肯定含义,问句部分用否定形式。
①Your father is unhappy, isn’t he? (不能用is he?)
②The man is dishonest, isn’t he? (不能用is he?)
③It is impossible to learn English without remembering more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?)
3.反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom,not,no,nobody,nothing, none, neither等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。如:
①She never tells a lie, does she? (不用doesn’t she?)
②He was seldom late, was he?(不用wasn’t he?)
4.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am……时,问句部分虽然也可用“am not I”,但习惯上用aren’t I?表示。如:I am a very honest man, aren’t I?
5.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We)第一人称 think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时,问句部分的动词及主语与that从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如:①I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he?
②We think that English is very useful, isn’t it? (不用don’t we?)
6.反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) don’t think(believe, suppose, consider)+ that从句时,从句为否定意义,问句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定式。如:①I don’t think that you can do it, can you? (不用do I?)
②We don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do we?)
7.反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+ think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如:
①They all think that English is very important, don’t they? (不用isn’t it?)
②He didn’t think that the news was true, did he? (不用wasn’t/ was it?)
8.反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported, asked……) + that从句时,问句部分的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如:①They said that you had finished your work, didn’t they? (不用hadn’t you)
②Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she? (不用wouldn’t she?)
9.陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything时,问句部分的主语用it。如:
①Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?
②Nothing has happened to them, has it?
10.陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone), anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone),no, none, neither时,问句部分的主语用he或 they(通常用they),这时问句动词的数应和he或 they一致。如:①Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?
②Everyone has done his best in the game, haven’t they?