一、表示将来或预计
I don’t know what is to happen to us. 我不知道我们会发生什么事。
I went to have a look at the room where I was to talk that afternoon. 我去看了一下地方,当天下午我要在那里讲话。
It was 1491. Columbus was to reach America a year later. 那是1491年,一年后哥伦布到达了美洲。
说明:当该结构中用了still或yet时,其将来意义更加突出。如:
The worst is still to come. 还有最糟糕的事情要发生。
The most severe weather is yet [still] to come. 最恶劣的天气还没有到。
The best item on the programme is still to come. 最好看的节目还在后头。
注意,该结构表示将来的用法是有限的,原则上,只有当表示的动作为人所控制时才可使用它来表示将来,否则就是错的。如可说 I’m going to play tennis,也可说 I’m to play tennis,因为其中的 play tennis是可以人为控制的。而在以下各例中,其中的动作均不能为人所限制,所以going不可省略:
He’s going to be fat. 他要发胖了。
There is going to be a storm. 要下暴风雨了。
You’re going to break that chair. 你会把那把椅子弄坏的。
二、表示计划或意图
They are to be married. 他们打算结婚。
We are to be married in June. 我们计划在6月结婚。
说明:该结构也可用于条件状语从句。如:
If I’m to be there on time, I must leave at once. 如果我要想准时赶到那儿,我就必须马上动身。
If we are to succeed in this enterprise, we shall need to plan everything very carefully. 如果我们想要在这项事业上取得成功,我们就需要把一切都仔细计划好。
另外,若表示过去未曾实现的想法或意图,其中的不定式则用完成式。如:
We were to have gone away last week, but I was ill. 我们本打算上周走的,但是我病了。
I was to have started work last week, but I changed my mind. 我本该上周开始工作的,但我改变了主意。
比较:
He was to go. 当时他是要去的。(至于最后去没去,不得而知)
He was to havegone. 他本来是要去的。(但实际上却没有去)
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